Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • Data storage medium that uses compact discs to store about 1,500 floppy discs worth of data.
  • A chain of custody tracks evidence from its original source to what is offered as evidence in court
  • "Conversational agent that dialogues with its user (for example: empathic robots available to patients, or automated conversation services in customer relations)."
  • "An ordered sequence of system-to-system message exchanges between two or more participants. In choreography, there is no central controller, responsible entity, or observer of the process."
  • Synonym(s): cryptographic algorithm
  • Definition: Data or information in its encrypted form. Related Term(s): plaintext
  • "When the output is one of a finite set of values (such as sunny, cloudy or rainy), the learning problem is called classification, and is called Boolean or binary classification if there are only two values."
  • "A model that predicts categorical labels from features."
  • A computer network design involving desktop PCs that depend on other (generally larger) computers to provide the PCs with information and/or applications. In the client/server environment, the client (PC) and the server are symbiotic and processing occurs in both places. Client- server(...)
  • Definition: A model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing capabilities or resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
  • "Detecting potentially useful clusters of input examples."
  • Document coding is the process of capturing case-relevant information (i.e. author, date authored, date sent, recipient, date opened, etc.) from a paper document.
  • "The identification, assessment, and application of available machine learning algorithms for the purpose of leveraging domain knowledge and reasoning to further automate the machine learning already present in a manner that may be thought of as cognitive. With cognitive automation, the system(...)
  • "Complex computational systems designed to — Sense (perceive the world and collect data); — Comprehend (analyze and understand the information collected); - Act (make informed decisions and provide guidance based on this analysis in an independent way); and — Adapt (adapt capabilities based(...)
  • Definition: A NICE Framework category consisting of specialty areas responsible for specialized denial and deception operations and collection of cybersecurity information that may be used to develop intelligence.
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Executes collection using appropriate strategies and within the priorities established through the collection management process.
  • "In the context of relational databases, a column is a set of data values, all of a single type, in a table."
  • "A canonical example [of algorithmic bias] comes from a tool used by courts in the United States to make pretrial detention and release decisions. The software, Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS), measures the risk of a person to recommit another(...)
  • A technology that reduces the size of a file. Compression programs are valuable to network users because they help save both time and bandwidth.
  • Computer forensics is the use of specialized techniques for recovery, authentication, and analysis of electronic data when a case involves issues relating to reconstruction of computer usage, examination of residual data, authentication of data by technical analysis or explanation of(...)
  • The science of obtaining, preserving, and documenting evidence from digital electronic storage devices, such as computers, pagers, PDAs, digital cameras, cell phones, and various memory storage devices. All must be done in a manner designed to preserve the probative value of the evidence and(...)
  • Definition: The actions taken to defend against unauthorized activity within computer networks.
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Uses defensive measures and information collected from a variety of sources to identify, analyze, and report events that occur or might occur within the network in order to protect information, information systems, and(...)
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Tests, implements, deploys, maintains, reviews, and administers the infrastructure hardware and software that are required to effectively manage the computer network defense service provider network and resources; monitors(...)
  • Refers to the entire computing environment. This environment may consist of one large computer serving many users (e.g. a mainframe or mini- computer) or one or more personal computers working individually or linked together through a network. A computer system includes all hardware and(...)