Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • Definition: A passive information system-related entity containing or receiving information.Related Term(s): subject, access, access control
  • "data supporting the existence or verity of something (note: can be obtained through observation, measurement, test, or other means)."
  • "a piece of information received online from users, sensors, or other knowledge sources"
  • Optical character recognition is a technology which takes data from a paper document and turns it editable text data. The document is first scanned. Then OCR software searches the document for letters, numbers, and other characters.
  • "[when] data published for one task are used for another[; ...] off-label usage could lead to biased, overly optimistic results of machine-learning algorithms. The underlying cause is that public data are processed with hidden processing pipelines that alter the data features."
  • The storage of electronic data outside the network in daily use (i.e., on backup tapes) that is only accessible through the off-line storage system, not the network. 
  • Not connected (to a network). 
  • "implies ... a static dataset that [one] know[s] from the start and the parameters of [one's] machine learning algorithm are adjusted to the whole dataset at once often loading the whole dataset into memory or in batches."
  • The storage of electronic data as fully accessible information in daily use on the network or elsewhere. 
  • Connected (to a network).
  • "fitting [one's] model incrementally as the data flows in (streaming data)."
  • "A set of concepts and categories in a subject area or knowledge domain that shows their properties and the relationships among them to enable interoperability among disparate elements and systems and specify interfaces to independent, knowledge-based services for the purpose of enabling(...)
  • "[to receive] the output of [an] algorithm (the classification decision) [and to not] have any concrete sense of how or why a particular classification has been arrived at from inputs."
  • Definition: A NICE Framework category consisting of specialty areas responsible for providing the support, administration, and maintenance necessary to ensure effective and efficient IT system performance and security.
  • System software that controls the workings of the computer (e.g., Windows, Unix, Linux). The OS handles essential, but often invisible, tasks such as maintaining files. 
  • Definition: An action-based exercise where personnel rehearse reactions to an incident scenario, drawing on their understanding of plans and procedures, roles, and responsibilities.
  • "Putting AI systems or related concepts into use so they can be measured."
  • Definition: The hardware and software systems used to operate industrial control devices.Related Term(s): Industrial Control System
  • "A role assumed by the person performing remote control or teleoperation, semi-autonomous operations, or other human-in-the-loop types of operations"
  • "an individual makes an active affirmative indication of choice via a user interface signaling a desire to share their information with third parties."
  • "an individual makes an active affirmative indication of choice via a user interface signaling a desire not to share their information with third parties."
  • Physical items and those data objects, which are associated with thoseitems at the time of seizure.
  • "something that follows as a result or consequence"
  • "An outlier is a data point that is far from other points."
  • "Data transmitted to an external destination"