Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • "The computer application that makes available to a human operator a suite of predefined activity choreography to complete the execution of processes, activities, transactions, and tasks in one or more unrelated software systems to deliver a result or service in the course of human-initiated(...)
  • "A preconfigured software instance that uses business rules and predefined activity choreography to complete the autonomous execution of a combination of processes, activities, transactions, and tasks in one or more unrelated software systems to deliver a result or service with human exception(...)
  • "An AI system that is resilient in real-world settings, such as an object-recognition application that is robust to significant changes in lighting. The phrase also refers to resilience when it comes to adversarial attacks on AI components."
  • "ability of a system to maintain its level of performance under a variety of circumstances"
  • "of an estimator of a parameter[; ...] the square-root of the mean squared error (MSE) of the estimator. In symbols, if X is an estimator of the parameter t, then RMSE(X) = ( E( (X−t)2 ) )½. The RMSE of an estimator is a measure of the expected error of the estimator. The units of RMSE are the(...)
  • Definition: A set of software tools with administrator-level access privileges installed on an information system and designed to hide the presence of the tools, maintain the access privileges, and conceal the activities conducted by the tools.
  • "the transformation of a number expressed in a particular base to a number with fewer digits."
  • A piece of hardware that routes data from a local area network (LAN) to a phone line. 
  • "describes a single entity or observation and the columns describe properties about that entity or observation. The more rows you have, the more examples from the problem domain that you have."
  • "property of a system such that it does not, under defined conditions, lead to a state in which human life, health, property, or the environment is endangered; [safety involves reducing both the probability of expected harms and the possibility of unexpected harms]."
  • Sampling usually (but not always) refers to the process of statistically testing a data set for the likelihood of relevant information. It can be a useful technique in addressing a number of issues relating to litigation, including decisions as to which repositories of data should be(...)
  •  A network or series of networks that are not connected to other networks. 
  • "The ability to increase or decrease the computational resources required to execute a varying volume of tasks, processes, or services."
  • Scanning is the process of converting a hard copy paper document into a digital image for use in a computer system. After a document has been scanned, it can be reviewed using field and full-text searching, instant document retrieval, and a complete range of electronic document review options. 
  • "A continuous value output from a classifier. Applying a threshold to a score results in a predicted label."
  • "Screen-out discrimination occurs when “a disability prevents a job applicant or employee from meeting—or lowers their performance on—a selection criterion, and the applicant or employee loses a job opportunity as a result.”"
  • Definition: A cryptographic key that is used for both encryption and decryption, enabling the operation of a symmetric key cryptography scheme. Extended Definition: Also, a cryptographic algorithm that uses a single key (i.e., a secret key) for both encryption of plaintext and decryption(...)
  • Definition: A NICE Framework category consisting of specialty areas concerned with conceptualizing, designing, and building secure IT systems, with responsibility for some aspect of the systems' development.
  • "resistance to intentional, unauthorized act(s) designed to cause harm or damage to a system"
  • Definition: The use of information technology in place of manual processes for cyber incident response and management.
  • Definition: A rule or set of rules that govern the acceptable use of an organization's information and services to a level of acceptable risk and the means for protecting the organization's information assets.
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Manages information security (e.g., information security) implications within the organization, specific program, or other area of responsibility, to include strategic, personnel, infrastructure, policy enforcement,(...)
  • "The process of identifying homogeneous subgroups within a data table."
  • "Decision-makers are more likely to follow advice (human or algorithmic-based) that matches stereotypical views of the decision subjects."
  • "A computing platform imbued with sufficient knowledge and analytic capability to make useful conclusions about its inputs, its own processing, and the use of its output so that it is capable of self- judgment and improvement consistent with its purpose."