Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • "a class of language models that use deep-learning algorithms and are trained on extremely large textual datasets that can be multiple terabytes in size. LLMs can be classed into two types: generative or discriminatory. Generative LLMs are models that output text, such as the answer to a(...)
  • "A procedure in artificial intelligence by which an artificial intelligence program improves its performance by gaining knowledge."
  • "The principle that a security architecture should be designed so that each entity is granted the minimum system resources and authorizations that the entity needs to perform its function."
  • Legacy Data is information in the development of which an organization may have invested significant resources and which has retained its importance, but which has been created or stored by the use of software and/or hardware that has been rendered outmoded or obsolete.
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Provides legally sound advice and recommendations to leadership and staff on a variety of relevant topics within the pertinent subject domain; advocates legal and policy changes and makes a case on behalf of client via a(...)
  • A legal hold is a communication issued as a result of current or anticipated litigation, audit, government investigation or other such matter that suspends the normal disposition or processing of records. The specific communication to business or IT organizations may also be called a “hold,”(...)
  • "the process of grouping together the different inflected forms of a word so they can be analyzed as a single item."
  • "[a supervised learning algorithm that uses] a simple formula to find a best-fit line through a set of data points."
  • "Mainly focus on explanation of individual data instances. Generates one explanation map g per data x in X."
  • "Creation of a national or specific regional version of a product."
  • "(logistic equation) The continuous version of the logistic model is described by the differential equation (dN)/(dt)=(rN(K-N))/K, (1) where r is the Malthusian parameter (rate of maximum population growth) and K is the so-called carrying capacity (i.e., the maximum sustainable population).(...)
  • "A general approach for determining models from data."
  • Definition: A field concerned with designing and developing artificial intelligence algorithms for automated knowledge discovery and innovation by information systems.
  • "Machine detection and interpretation of relevant and meaningful events and conditions that impact operation of the computer system itself or other dependent mechanisms or processes essential to the purpose of the system."
  • Definition: A type of malicious code that attaches itself to documents and uses the macro programming capabilities of the document’s application to execute, replicate, and spread or propagate itself.Related Term(s): virus
  • A computer network design where large (main frame) computers maintain and process data and send information to users' terminals. In a classic mainframe set up, no processing occurs at the desktop, which is merely a means of viewing information contained in and processed on the main frame(...)
  • "See bad actor."
  • Definition: A small application program that is automatically downloaded and executed and that performs an unauthorized function on an information system.Related Term(s): malicious code
  • Definition: Program code intended to perform an unauthorized function or process that will have adverse impact on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an information system. Extended Definition: Includes software, firmware, and scripts.Related Term(s): malicious logic
  • Definition: Hardware, firmware, or software that is intentionally included or inserted in a system to perform an unauthorized function or process that will have adverse impact on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an information system.Related Term(s): malicious code
  • Definition: Software that compromises the operation of a system by performing an unauthorized function or process.Synonym(s): malicious code, malicious applet, malicious logic
  • "Refers to the significance of a matter in relation to a set of financial or performance information. If a matter is material to the set of information, then it is likely to be of significance to a user of that information"
  • "presum[ing] that (A) quantitative models of reality are always more accurate than other models; (B) the quantitative measurements that can be made most easily must be the most relevant; and (C) factors other than those currently being used in quantitative metrics must either not exist or not(...)
  • "ability to assess an attribute of an entity against a metric (note 1: "measurable" is the adjective form of "measurability")"
  • "(Quantitative) (1) act or process of assigning a number or category to an entity to describe an attribute of that entity; (2) assignment of numbers to objects in a systematic way to represent properties of the object; (3) use of a metric to assign a value (e.g., a number or category) from a(...)