Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • "When the probability of obtaining a statistic of a given size due strictly to random sampling error, or chance, is less than the selected alpha level [or the probability of a type I error]; also represents a rejection of the null hypothesis."
  • "Numerical data relating to an aggregate of individuals; the science of collecting, analysing and interpreting such data"
  • "Definition 3b (figurative): A preconceived and oversimplified idea of the characteristics which typify a person, situation, etc.; an attitude based on such a preconception. Also, a person who appears to conform closely to the idea of a type."
  • "The adjective “stochastic” implies the presence of a random variable; e.g. stochastic variation is variation in which at least one of the elements is a variate and a stochastic process is one wherein the system incorporates an element of randomness as opposed to a deterministic system."
  • "The successful execution of a service, process, or transaction performed entirely through traditional application platforms with predefined interfaces (i.e., application programming interfaces [APIs])."
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Applies knowledge of priorities to define an entity.
  • "a fallacious argument which irrelevantly attacks a position that appears similar to, but is actually different from, an opponent's position, and concludes that the opponent's real position has thereby been refuted."
  • "Type of performance efficiency testing conducted to evaluate a test item's behavior under conditions of loading above anticipated or specified capacity requirements, or of resource availability below minimum specified requirements"
  • "AI that is capable of solving almost all tasks that humans can solve"
  • "Data that has a predefined data model or is organized in a predefined way."
  • "A subordinate process that can be included within a parent process. It can be present and/or repeated within other parent processes."
  • Definition: An individual, process, or device causing information to flow among objects or a change to the system state.Related Term(s): object, access, access control
  • "A type of machine learning in which the algorithm compares its outputs with the correct outputs during training. In unsupervised learning, the algorithm merely looks for patterns in a set of data."
  • Definition: A generic name for a computerized system that is capable of gathering and processing data and applying operational controls to geographically dispersed assets over long distances. Related Term(s): Industrial Control System
  • Definition: A system of organizations, people, activities, information and resources, for creating and moving products including product components and/or services from suppliers through to their customers.Related Term(s): supply chain risk management
  • Definition: The process of identifying, analyzing, and assessing supply chain risk and accepting, avoiding, transferring or controlling it to an acceptable level considering associated costs and benefits of any actions taken.Related Term(s): supply chain
  • "A supervised machine learning model for data classification and regression analysis. One of the most used classifiers in machine learning. It optimizes the width of the gap between the points of separate categories in feature space."
  • "an outcome of establishing information infrastructures as the basis for administration, prodduction, marketing, entertainment and law enforcement[, involving] garnering personal data for a variety of purposes in a quest for greater efficiency, convenience or safety. Its ethics and politics(...)
  • Definition: A branch of cryptography in which a cryptographic system or algorithms use the same secret key (a shared secret key).
  • Definition: A cryptographic key that is used to perform both the cryptographic operation and its inverse, for example to encrypt plaintext and decrypt ciphertext, or create a message authentication code and to verify the code.Related Term(s): secret key
  • "combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes"
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Installs, configures, troubleshoots, and maintains server configurations (hardware and software) to ensure their confidentiality, integrity, and availability; also manages accounts, firewalls, and patches; responsible for(...)
  • The person in charge of keeping a network working. 
  • Definition: The attribute of an information system when it performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvertent unauthorized manipulation of the system.Related Term(s): integrity, data integrity
  • "set of systems and system elements that interact to provide a unique capability that none of the constituent systems can accomplish on its own (note: can be necessary to facilitate interaction of the constituent systems in the system of systems)"