Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • Definition: An unauthorized user who attempts to or gains access to an information system.
  • "generated content that is nonsensical or unfaithful to the provided source content[; ...] there are two main types of hallucinations, namely intrinsic hallucination and extrinsic hallucination. [An intrinsic hallucination is a] generated output that contradicts the source content; [an(...)
  • The primary storage unit on PCs and servers, consisting of one or more magnetic media platters on which digital data can be written and erased magnetically. Hearsay evidence; Hearsay can be defined as "a statement , other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing(...)
  • "Physical equipment used to process, store, or transmit computer programs or data"
  • "An undesired outcome [whose] cost exceeds some threshold[; ...] the key points in the definition of safety are that: costs have to be sufficiently high in some human sense for events to be harmful, and that safety involves reducing both the probability of expected harms and the possibility of(...)
  • "Harmful bias can be either conscious or unconscious. Unconscious, also known as implicit bias, involves associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or physical ability.3,14(...)
  • "unfairly assigned opportunities or resources due to algorithmic intervention[; ...] when a system [distributes] or withholds certain groups an opportunity or a resource. [They are] immediate, easily quantifiable, discrete, and transactional."
  • "a skew that produces a type of harm[; ...] further classifie[d] into harms of allocation and harms of representation."
  • "algorithmically filtered depictions that are discriminatory. [They are] long term, difficult to formalize, diffuse, and cultural."
  • Definition: A numeric value resulting from applying a mathematical algorithm against a set of data such as a file. Synonym(s): cryptographic hash value Related Term(s): hashing
  • Definition: A process of applying a mathematical algorithm against a set of data to produce a numeric value (a 'hash value') that represents the data. Extended Definition: Mapping a bit string of arbitrary length to a fixed length bit string to produce the hash value.Related Term(s): hash value
  • Definition: A natural or man-made source or cause of harm or difficulty.Related Term(s): threat
  •  The tag-based ASCII language used to create pages on the Web. 
  • "the art of identifying and naming activities using [a]rtificial [i]ntelligence (AI) from the gathered activity raw data by utilizing various sources (so-called devices)."
  • "The type of human-robot-interaction that that refers to situations during which human interactions are needed at the level of detail of task plans, i.e., during the execution of a task"
  • "A C-suite business discipline that develops enterprise human capital strategies and ensures the human capital portfolio is effectively managed. Human capital management provides decision support by combining business and workforce intelligence to the development of enterprise human capital(...)
  • "Human-cognitive biases relate to how an individual or group perceives AI system information to make a decision or fill in missing information, or how humans think about purposes and functions of an AI system. Human biases are omnipresent in decision-making processes across the AI lifecycle(...)
  • "methods and approaches for designing and architecting user interfaces and the interactions between humans and computer (or information) technology."
  • "Detection, correlation, and pattern recognition generated through machine-based observation of human operation of software systems capturing successful or unsuccessful operations to enable the creation of a useful predictive analytics capability."
  • "anything done to an individual to learn how it will affect [that person]."
  • "An AI system that requires human interaction."
  • "The ability of humans and AI systems to work together to undertake complex, evolving tasks in a variety of environments with seamless handoff both ways between human and AI team members. Areas of effort include developing effective policies for controlling human and machine initiatives,(...)
  • "The need for human interaction in a normally fully autonomous behavior due to some extenuating circumstances."
  • "a living individual about whom an investigator (whether professional or student) conducting research: (i) Obtains information or biospecimens through intervention or interaction with the individual, and uses, studies, or analyzes the information or biospecimens; or (ii) Obtains, uses,(...)
  • "methods and approaches for testing and optimizing all human-related considerations from a “whole-system” or “system-of-systems” level."