Cyber Security Glossary

Find definitions for IT security and compliance in our online glossary of key terms, acronyms, and vocabulary.

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  • Term
    Definition
  • A fast storage buffer in the central processing unit of a computer that temporarily stores frequently used information for quick access.
  • "A comparison between a device under test and an established standard, such as UTC(NIST). When the calibration is finished, it should be possible to state the estimated time offset and/or frequency offset of the device under test with respect to the standard, as well as the measurement uncertainty."
  • Definition: The means to accomplish a mission, function, or objective. Related Term(s): intent
  • "Single entry, single exit multiple way branch that defines a control expression, specifies the processing to be performed for each value of the control expression, and returns control in all instances to the statement immediately following the overall construct."
  • "an intellectual discipline that considers the assumptions, study designs, and estimation strategies that allow researchers to draw causal conclusions based on data. The term ‘causal conclusion’ used here refers to a conclusion regarding the effect of a causal variable (often referred to as(...)
  • "acting as the cause of something"
  • Data storage medium that uses compact discs to store about 1,500 floppy discs worth of data.
  • A chain of custody tracks evidence from its original source to what is offered as evidence in court
  • "Conversational agent that dialogues with its user (for example: empathic robots available to patients, or automated conversation services in customer relations)."
  • "An ordered sequence of system-to-system message exchanges between two or more participants. In choreography, there is no central controller, responsible entity, or observer of the process."
  • Synonym(s): cryptographic algorithm
  • Definition: Data or information in its encrypted form. Related Term(s): plaintext
  • "When the output is one of a finite set of values (such as sunny, cloudy or rainy), the learning problem is called classification, and is called Boolean or binary classification if there are only two values."
  • "A model that predicts categorical labels from features."
  • A computer network design involving desktop PCs that depend on other (generally larger) computers to provide the PCs with information and/or applications. In the client/server environment, the client (PC) and the server are symbiotic and processing occurs in both places. Client- server(...)
  • Definition: A model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing capabilities or resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
  • "Detecting potentially useful clusters of input examples."
  • Document coding is the process of capturing case-relevant information (i.e. author, date authored, date sent, recipient, date opened, etc.) from a paper document.
  • "The identification, assessment, and application of available machine learning algorithms for the purpose of leveraging domain knowledge and reasoning to further automate the machine learning already present in a manner that may be thought of as cognitive. With cognitive automation, the system(...)
  • "Complex computational systems designed to — Sense (perceive the world and collect data); — Comprehend (analyze and understand the information collected); - Act (make informed decisions and provide guidance based on this analysis in an independent way); and — Adapt (adapt capabilities based(...)
  • Definition: A NICE Framework category consisting of specialty areas responsible for specialized denial and deception operations and collection of cybersecurity information that may be used to develop intelligence.
  • Definition: In the NICE Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: Executes collection using appropriate strategies and within the priorities established through the collection management process.
  • "In the context of relational databases, a column is a set of data values, all of a single type, in a table."
  • "A canonical example [of algorithmic bias] comes from a tool used by courts in the United States to make pretrial detention and release decisions. The software, Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS), measures the risk of a person to recommit another(...)
  • A technology that reduces the size of a file. Compression programs are valuable to network users because they help save both time and bandwidth.